Engineering

Typical rivet joining of pipelines
Engineering

Engineering

Rivet joining is one type of permanent joining process that can join two metallic components sufficiently strongly. It provides a durable, sound and reliable joint; especially the anti-loosening capability even under incessant vibration favors riveting over welding in many occasions including bridge constructions. Riveting is basically lap joining of two parts using rivets with the assistance of strap plates. Rivet is basically a small cylindrical rod usually made of soft

End mill is a multi-point cutting tool
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one secondary manufacturing process where excess material is gradually removed from the workpiece in order to impart desired finish, dimension and tolerance. To cater the need of efficiently and economically machining a wide variety of materials in different ways, several relevant processes have emerged over the years. Broadly these processes can be grouped as conventional machining (macro and micro), abrasive finishing and non-traditional machining (NTM).

Conventional machining - rake angle and clearance angle
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one subtractive manufacturing process that is used to gradually remove excess material from a pre-formed blank in order to achieve high dimensional accuracy and close tolerance. There are various types of machining operations to efficiently and productively accomplish material removal task on various work materials in varying level of precision. Such processes can be broadly classified as—conventional machining (like turning, facing, milling, drilling, boring, hobbing,

Conventional machining - rake angle and clearance angle
Engineering

Engineering

Conventional machining or metal cutting operation is performed to gradually remove excess layer of material from the workpiece to impart intended shape, dimension and finish. Material removal is realized with the help of a small device called cutter or cutting tool. During machining, the cutter as well as the workpiece is rigidly mounted on the machine tool with the help of various arrangements. Relative velocity between cutter and workpiece is

Classification of rake angles positive rake negative rake and zero rake
Engineering

Engineering

Machining is one subtractive manufacturing process by which excess material is removed from pre-formed blank in the form of chips in order to improve dimensional accuracy and tolerance. A wedge shaped cutting tool (or cutter) is employed for gradual shearing of layer by layer material. Geometry, orientation and material are three paramount factors that influence machining capability and product quality.  Cutter geometry embraces crucial features of the cutting edge(s) and

Turning operation in lathe
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one subtractive manufacturing process that is predominantly used to remove unwanted material from workpiece to improve dimensional accuracy and tolerance. Over the ages multifarious machining processes have been evolved for efficient processing of a larger variety of materials in innumerable ways. Broadly such processes can be classified as conventional machining processes, abrasive finishing processes and non-traditional machining (NTM) processes. By definition, conventional machining is one

Typical grinding process - a finishing operation
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one of the manufacturing processes by which excess material is gradually removed from a pre-formed blank to provide desired shape, size and finish. It is one subtractive manufacturing process that is primarily used to improve dimensional accuracy and tolerance level. To efficiently and economically process various materials in several ways, there exist various machining processes, each having different capability in terms of material removal rate

Typical face milling process - a machining operation
Engineering

Engineering

Fabricating complicate shaped products with good surface finish by casting is not always feasible and economical. Various secondary operations can be performed on the casted products to finally produce the desired object. Such operations include joining (such as welding), material removal or machining, heat treatment or property alteration, coloring and coating, etc. Material removal processes basically removes material from workpiece surface to provide intended dimension and tolerance. A large number

Differences between MIG welding and MAG welding
Engineering

Engineering

Welding is one of the joining processes that can efficiently and economically assemble two or more metallic or non-metallic parts permanently. With the extensive development throughout the years, a large number of such processes has evolved in order to cater the need to join a large variety of materials in innumerable ways. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one such process where metallic materials are joined permanently by melting faying

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process
Engineering

Engineering

Welding is one of the popular joining techniques that can permanently join two or more materials together with or without the application of heat, pressure and filler material. Fusion welding is that group of welding processes where faying surfaces of parent component are fused by heating in order to form coalescence. Arc welding is most popular fusion welding process where heat is applied by means of electric arc constituted between

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding
Engineering

Engineering

Welding is one of the popular joining processes that has almost superseded other permanent joining processes including riveting. Intensive development of welding technique throughout last few decades makes it prominent choice for joining of metallic structures, plastics and even ceramics. By definition, welding is one of the joining processes that can permanently join two or more components by coalescence formation with or without the application of additional filler material, heat

Various fastening elements
Engineering

Engineering

Primary objective of manufacturing is to convert raw materials or scraps into desired consumer products by adding substantial value to it. Such conversion may not always possible in single step and usually requires multiple steps where each step incorporate certain functionalities into the product. There exist various manufacturing processes including age oil processes like casting, forming, joining, machining, and surface working and also newly developed processes like rapid prototyping and

Differences between temporary joining and permanent joining
Engineering

Engineering

Joining is a part and parcel of manufacturing as it facilitates easy and economic production of intricate shaped objects. By definition, joining is one of the manufacturing processes by which two or more solid components can be assembled together to obtain a single unit. As usual a large number of joining processes exists in order to assemble wide variety of materials in multifarious ways that are expected to serve different

Manual metal arc welding (MMAW) process
Engineering

Engineering

Welding, along with fastening, is extensively used for various industrial and household assembly purposes. Welding is one type of joining process by which two or more solid components can be joined permanently by coalescence formation with or without the application of filler metal, heat and pressure. With the development of welding technology, now-a-days it has mostly superseded other permanent joining techniques including riveting. Welding can be applied for efficiently and

Flux bound tungsten inert gas (FB-TIG) welding
Engineering

Engineering

Welding is one age old joining process that can efficiently and economically assemble two or more structural members permanently. There exist a large variety of welding processes that can join structures of various materials in multifarious ways. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), popularly known as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, is one of the fusion welding processes where metals can be joined by coalescence or weld bead formation due to

Activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding
Engineering

Engineering

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is one popular arc based welding process where electric arc is constituted between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece. It is one reliable and economic process to efficiently and permanently join metallic parts with or without the usage of filler metal. Apart from its capability of producing sound joints, splendid weld bead appearance makes this process overwhelmingly acceptable in various applications ranging from structural

Difference between weld joint and rivet joint
Engineering

Engineering

Joining is an integral part of manufacturing as it facilitates easy, efficient and economic production of intricate shaped parts. Basic purpose of joining is to assemble two or more solid components together in such a way that it can form a single unit and can subsequently perform intended functionalities. To serve this purpose, a number of joining processes has evolved throughout the ages that can join structural members in different

Difference between machine, machine tool and cutting tool
Engineering

Engineering

In the context of manufacturing or mechanical engineering, three terms, namely machine, machine tool and cutting tool have different significance. Basically machine is any device that reduces human effort in doing a task. By formal definition, a machine is an assembly of mechanisms that are clustered together in such a way that it can perform certain operations by utilizing electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and/or pneumatic power. So a machine is mostly

Difference between fusion welding and solid state welding
Engineering

Engineering

Requirement for joining of two or more components is inherent to manufacturing. There exist various joining techniques to assemble a wide variety of materials in multifarious ways. Some of these processes provide permanent joints, while others provide temporary joints. Like riveting, coupling and adhesive bonding, welding is also one permanent joining process. By definition, welding is one of the joining processes by which two or more solid components can be

Difference between joining and welding
Engineering

Engineering

Manufacturing, a crucial step in production system, converts raw materials and scraps into useful products by adding sufficient value. However, all physical products cannot be produced in same way. Accordingly there exist several manufacturing processes in order to fabricate different objects made of different materials and having varying features. Such manufacturing processes include casting, joining, forming or metal working, machining or metal cutting, heat treatment, coating and coloring, rapid prototyping

A typical 3-D printed hollow ball made by additive process
Engineering

Engineering

Manufacturing is one crucial step in production that actually converts raw materials or scraps into desired products by adding substantial value. Several manufacturing processes exist to cater the need of processing wide variety of materials in sweeping ways. Growing need for miniaturized products with better surface quality and more inbuilt functionalities paved the way for rapid development of manufacturing and as a consequence various sophisticated processes have evolved that can

Difference between edge radius and nose radius of cutting tool
Engineering

Engineering

Machining or metal cutting is one subtractive manufacturing process where excess material is gradually removed in the form of chips from preformed blank using a cutting tool in order to impart intended shape, size and surface finish. To continuously remove (shear off) layers of material, a sharp edged cutter is indispensably necessary. During machining, relative motions are provided between workpiece and cutting tool in particular directions based on geometry of

Difference Between Production, Manufacturing and Machining
Engineering

Engineering

Feasibility of making a product from natural organic or inorganic resources depends on the advancement of science and is accelerated by the human need. However, easy, efficient, productive, economic and ergonomic conversion of raw materials to useful products as per the customers’ requirement relies on the growth of technology and assistance of management and planning. Although it is not always feasible to fulfil every requirement in a single product, in

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